はじめに

お子様や高齢者の外出を見守りたいと思った時に、真っ先に思いつくのはスマホのGPS機能
だと思います。
ただ、スマホも昔ほど安く手に入れる事ができなくなりました。そんな時に外出時にNFCタグや
カードを持ってもらい、外出先のモジュールにタッチしてもらい、居場所をなんとなく把握できる
システムをSpresenseを使って製作してみました。

全体像

お住まいの地域の公園、スーパーマーケットなどに、Spresenseを搭載したNFC読み取り機を設置します。
NFCをそこにタッチすると、LTE経由でNFCの情報がクラウドに集まります。
外出を見守る方は、クラウド情報を確認することで、お出かけの方がどこにいるかが把握できます。

部品リスト

なお、筐体は3Dプリンタで作成

基板接続

LTEボードのピンヘッダのI2C端子をそれぞれのモジュールとつなぎます。
LTEボードのI2CはPWM2,3と排他使用になっています。

スケッチ

/**************************************************************************/
/*! 
    This example will wait for any ISO14443A card or tag, and
    depending on the size of the UID will attempt to read from it.
   
    If the card has a 4-byte UID it is probably a Mifare
    Classic card, and the following steps are taken:
   
    - Authenticate block 4 (the first block of Sector 1) using
      the default KEYA of 0XFF 0XFF 0XFF 0XFF 0XFF 0XFF
    - If authentication succeeds, we can then read any of the
      4 blocks in that sector (though only block 4 is read here)
	 
    If the card has a 7-byte UID it is probably a Mifare
    Ultralight card, and the 4 byte pages can be read directly.
    Page 4 is read by default since this is the first 'general-
    purpose' page on the tags.

    To enable debug message, define DEBUG in PN532/PN532_debug.h
*/
/**************************************************************************/
/*i2c scanner log
I2C Scanning...

     -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -A -B -C -D -E -F
0- : -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
1- : -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
2- : -- -- -- -- 24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
3- : -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 3c -- -- --
4- : -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
5- : -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
6- : -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
7- : -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

the number of found I2C devices is 2.
*/
#if 0
  #include <SPI.h>
  #include <PN532_SPI.h>
  #include "PN532.h"

  PN532_SPI pn532spi(SPI, 10);
  PN532 nfc(pn532spi);
#elif 0
  #include <PN532_HSU.h>
  #include <PN532.h>
      
  PN532_HSU pn532hsu(Serial1);
  PN532 nfc(pn532hsu);
#else 
  #include <Wire.h>
  #include <PN532_I2C.h>
  #include <PN532.h>
  PN532_I2C pn532i2c(Wire1);
  PN532 nfc(pn532i2c);	
#endif

#include <SPI.h>
// #include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 // OLED display width, in pixels
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 32 // OLED display height, in pixels

// Declaration for an SSD1306 display connected to I2C (SDA, SCL pins)
// The pins for I2C are defined by the Wire-library. 
// On an arduino UNO:       A4(SDA), A5(SCL)
// On an arduino MEGA 2560: 20(SDA), 21(SCL)
// On an arduino LEONARDO:   2(SDA),  3(SCL), ...
#define OLED_RESET     -1 // Reset pin # (or -1 if sharing Arduino reset pin)
#define SCREEN_ADDRESS 0x3C ///< See datasheet for Address; 0x3D for 128x64, 0x3C for 128x32
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire1, OLED_RESET);

//LTE setting
#include <LTE.h>

// APN name
#define APP_LTE_APN "soracom.io" // replace your APN

/* APN authentication settings
 * Ignore these parameters when setting LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_NONE.
 */

#define APP_LTE_USER_NAME "sora" // replace with your username
#define APP_LTE_PASSWORD  "sora" // replace with your password

// APN IP type
#define APP_LTE_IP_TYPE (LTE_NET_IPTYPE_V4V6) // IP : IPv4v6
// #define APP_LTE_IP_TYPE (LTE_NET_IPTYPE_V4) // IP : IPv4
// #define APP_LTE_IP_TYPE (LTE_NET_IPTYPE_V6) // IP : IPv6

// APN authentication type
#define APP_LTE_AUTH_TYPE (LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_CHAP) // Authentication : CHAP
// #define APP_LTE_AUTH_TYPE (LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_PAP) // Authentication : PAP
// #define APP_LTE_AUTH_TYPE (LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_NONE) // Authentication : NONE

/* RAT to use
 * Refer to the cellular carriers information
 * to find out which RAT your SIM supports.
 * The RAT set on the modem can be checked with LTEModemVerification::getRAT().
 */

#define APP_LTE_RAT (LTE_NET_RAT_CATM) // RAT : LTE-M (LTE Cat-M1)
// #define APP_LTE_RAT (LTE_NET_RAT_NBIOT) // RAT : NB-IoT

// initialize the library instance
LTE        lteAccess;
LTEScanner scannerNetworks;
LTEUDP lteUdp;
char host[] = "harvest.soracom.io";
int port = 8514;
int ad_value = 0;

String readFromSerial() {
  /* Read String from serial monitor */
  String str;
  int  read_byte = 0;
  while (true) {
    if (Serial.available() > 0) {
      read_byte = Serial.read();
      if (read_byte == '\n' || read_byte == '\r') {
        Serial.println("");
        break;
      }
      Serial.print((char)read_byte);
      str += (char)read_byte;
    }
  }
  return str;
}

void readApnInformation(char apn[], LTENetworkAuthType *authtype,
                       char user_name[], char password[]) {
  /* Set APN parameter to arguments from readFromSerial() */

  String read_buf;

  while (strlen(apn) == 0) {
    Serial.print("Enter Access Point Name:");
    readFromSerial().toCharArray(apn, LTE_NET_APN_MAXLEN);
  }

  while (true) {
    Serial.print("Enter APN authentication type(CHAP, PAP, NONE):");
    read_buf = readFromSerial();
    if (read_buf.equals("NONE") == true) {
      *authtype = LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_NONE;
    } else if (read_buf.equals("PAP") == true) {
      *authtype = LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_PAP;
    } else if (read_buf.equals("CHAP") == true) {
      *authtype = LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_CHAP;
    } else {
      /* No match authtype */
      Serial.println("No match authtype. type at CHAP, PAP, NONE.");
      continue;
    }
    break;
  }

  if (*authtype != LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_NONE) {
    while (strlen(user_name)== 0) {
      Serial.print("Enter username:");
      readFromSerial().toCharArray(user_name, LTE_NET_USER_MAXLEN);
    }
    while (strlen(password) == 0) {
      Serial.print("Enter password:");
      readFromSerial().toCharArray(password, LTE_NET_PASSWORD_MAXLEN);
    }
  }

  return;
}




void setup(void) {

// LTE
  char apn[LTE_NET_APN_MAXLEN] = APP_LTE_APN;
  LTENetworkAuthType authtype = APP_LTE_AUTH_TYPE;
  char user_name[LTE_NET_USER_MAXLEN] = APP_LTE_USER_NAME;
  char password[LTE_NET_PASSWORD_MAXLEN] = APP_LTE_PASSWORD;


  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Hello!");

  nfc.begin();
  // Show initial display buffer contents on the screen --
  // the library initializes this with an Adafruit splash screen.
  display.display();
  delay(1000); // Pause for 2 seconds


  uint32_t versiondata = nfc.getFirmwareVersion();
  if (! versiondata) {
    Serial.print("Didn't find PN53x board");
  display.clearDisplay();

  // Draw a single pixel in white
  display.setTextSize(1);             
  display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);        // Draw white text
  display.setCursor(0,0);             // Start at top-left corner
  // display.println(address);
  display.println("Didn't find PN53x board");
  display.display();

    while (1); // halt
  }
  // Got ok data, print it out!
  Serial.print("Found chip PN5"); Serial.println((versiondata>>24) & 0xFF, HEX); 
  Serial.print("Firmware ver. "); Serial.print((versiondata>>16) & 0xFF, DEC); 
  Serial.print('.'); Serial.println((versiondata>>8) & 0xFF, DEC);
  
  // configure board to read RFID tags
  nfc.SAMConfig();
  
  Serial.println("Waiting for an ISO14443A Card ...");

  // SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC = generate display voltage from 3.3V internally
  if(!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, SCREEN_ADDRESS)) {
    Serial.println(F("SSD1306 allocation failed"));
    for(;;); // Don't proceed, loop forever
  }

  // Show initial display buffer contents on the screen --
  // the library initializes this with an Adafruit splash screen.
  display.display();
  delay(2000); // Pause for 2 seconds

  // Clear the buffer
  display.clearDisplay();

  // Draw a single pixel in white
  display.drawPixel(10, 10, SSD1306_WHITE);
  display.drawPixel(20, 10, SSD1306_WHITE);
  display.drawPixel(30, 10, SSD1306_WHITE);
  display.display();
  delay(2000);

  /* Set if Access Point Name is empty */
  if (strlen(APP_LTE_APN) == 0) {
    Serial.println("This sketch doesn't have a APN information.");
    readApnInformation(apn, &authtype, user_name, password);
  }
  Serial.println("=========== APN information ===========");
  Serial.print("Access Point Name  : ");
  Serial.println(apn);
  Serial.print("Authentication Type: ");
  Serial.println(authtype == LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_CHAP ? "CHAP" :
                 authtype == LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_NONE ? "NONE" : "PAP");
  if (authtype != LTE_NET_AUTHTYPE_NONE) {
    Serial.print("User Name          : ");
    Serial.println(user_name);
    Serial.print("Password           : ");
    Serial.println(password);
  }

  while (true) {

    /* Power on the modem and Enable the radio function. */

    if (lteAccess.begin() != LTE_SEARCHING) {
      Serial.println("Could not transition to LTE_SEARCHING.");
      Serial.println("Please check the status of the LTE board.");
      for (;;) {
        sleep(1);
      }
    }

    /* The connection process to the APN will start.
     * If the synchronous parameter is false,
     * the return value will be returned when the connection process is started.
     */
    if (lteAccess.attach(APP_LTE_RAT,
                         apn,
                         user_name,
                         password,
                         authtype,
                         APP_LTE_IP_TYPE) == LTE_READY) {
      Serial.println("attach succeeded.");
      break;
    }

    /* If the following logs occur frequently, one of the following might be a cause:
     * - APN settings are incorrect
     * - SIM is not inserted correctly
     * - If you have specified LTE_NET_RAT_NBIOT for APP_LTE_RAT,
     *   your LTE board may not support it.
     * - Rejected from LTE network
     */
    Serial.println("An error has occurred. Shutdown and retry the network attach process after 1 second.");
    lteAccess.shutdown();
    sleep(1);
  }

  display.clearDisplay();
  // Draw a single pixel in white
  display.setTextSize(2);             
  display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);        // Draw white text
  display.setCursor(0,0);             // Start at top-left corner
  // display.println(address);
  display.println("Setup OK!!");
  display.display();
  delay(2000);

}

void loop(void) {
  uint8_t success;
  uint8_t uid[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };  // Buffer to store the returned UID
  uint8_t uidLength;                        // Length of the UID (4 or 7 bytes depending on ISO14443A card type)
    
  // Wait for an ISO14443A type cards (Mifare, etc.).  When one is found
  // 'uid' will be populated with the UID, and uidLength will indicate
  // if the uid is 4 bytes (Mifare Classic) or 7 bytes (Mifare Ultralight)
  success = nfc.readPassiveTargetID(PN532_MIFARE_ISO14443A, uid, &uidLength);
  
  if (success) {
    // Display some basic information about the card
    Serial.println("Found an ISO14443A card");
    Serial.print("  UID Length: ");Serial.print(uidLength, DEC);Serial.println(" bytes");
    Serial.print("  UID Value: ");
    nfc.PrintHex(uid, uidLength);
    drawID(uid,uidLength);
    udpsend(uid,uidLength);
    Serial.println("");
    
    if (uidLength == 4)
    {
      // We probably have a Mifare Classic card ... 
      Serial.println("Seems to be a Mifare Classic card (4 byte UID)");
	  
      // Now we need to try to authenticate it for read/write access
      // Try with the factory default KeyA: 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
      Serial.println("Trying to authenticate block 4 with default KEYA value");
      uint8_t keya[6] = { 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF };
	  
	  // Start with block 4 (the first block of sector 1) since sector 0
	  // contains the manufacturer data and it's probably better just
	  // to leave it alone unless you know what you're doing
      success = nfc.mifareclassic_AuthenticateBlock(uid, uidLength, 4, 0, keya);
	  
      if (success)
      {
        Serial.println("Sector 1 (Blocks 4..7) has been authenticated");
        uint8_t data[16];
		
        // If you want to write something to block 4 to test with, uncomment
		// the following line and this text should be read back in a minute
        // data = { 'a', 'd', 'a', 'f', 'r', 'u', 'i', 't', '.', 'c', 'o', 'm', 0, 0, 0, 0};
        // success = nfc.mifareclassic_WriteDataBlock (4, data);

        // Try to read the contents of block 4
        success = nfc.mifareclassic_ReadDataBlock(4, data);
		
        if (success)
        {
          // Data seems to have been read ... spit it out
          Serial.println("Reading Block 4:");
          nfc.PrintHexChar(data, 16);
          Serial.println("");
		  
          // Wait a bit before reading the card again
          delay(1000);
        }
        else
        {
          Serial.println("Ooops ... unable to read the requested block.  Try another key?");
        }
      }
      else
      {
        Serial.println("Ooops ... authentication failed: Try another key?");
      }
    }
    
    if (uidLength == 7)
    {
      // We probably have a Mifare Ultralight card ...
      Serial.println("Seems to be a Mifare Ultralight tag (7 byte UID)");
	  
      // Try to read the first general-purpose user page (#4)
      Serial.println("Reading page 4");
      uint8_t data[32];
      success = nfc.mifareultralight_ReadPage (4, data);
      if (success)
      {
        // Data seems to have been read ... spit it out
        nfc.PrintHexChar(data, 4);
        Serial.println("");
		
        // Wait a bit before reading the card again
        delay(1000);
      }
      else
      {
        Serial.println("Ooops ... unable to read the requested page!?");
      }
    }
  }

 drawLTEinfo();

}


void drawLTEinfo() {
  // Assigned IP address
  IPAddress address = lteAccess.getIPAddress();
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(address);

  // currently connected carrier
  Serial.print("Current carrier: ");
  Serial.println(scannerNetworks.getCurrentCarrier());

  // return signal strength
  Serial.print("Signal Strength: ");
  Serial.print(scannerNetworks.getSignalStrength());
  Serial.println(" [dBm]");

  display.clearDisplay();

  display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);        // Draw white text
  display.setCursor(0,0);             // Start at top-left corner
  // display.println(address);
  display.setTextSize(2);             
  display.print("Touch");
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setCursor(64,8);
  display.println("Your Card");
  display.println(scannerNetworks.getCurrentCarrier());
  display.println(scannerNetworks.getSignalStrength());
  
  display.display();
}

void drawID(uint8_t uid[],int uidlength) {
  char buf[1];

  display.clearDisplay();

  display.setTextSize(2);             // Normal 1:1 pixel scale
  display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE);        // Draw white text
  display.setCursor(0,0);             // Start at top-left corner
  // display.println(F(nfc.PrintHex(uid, uidLength)));
  display.println(F("touch!"));
  String str = (const char*)uid;
  display.setTextSize(1);             // Normal 1:1 pixel scale
  display.print("ID:");
  for(int i=0;i<uidlength;i++){
    // display.print(String(uid[i],HEX));
   sprintf(buf,"%02x",uid[i]);
   display.print(buf);
  }
  // display.println((String)uid);

  display.display();
}


void udpsend(uint8_t uid[],int uidlength) {
  Serial.println("UDP Send Start");
  Serial.print("uidlength:");
  Serial.println(uidlength);
  if (lteUdp.begin(port) == 1) {
    if (lteUdp.beginPacket(host, port) == 1) {
      Serial.println("UDP Data make Start");
      // uint8ToHexString(uid, uidlength, hexString, sizeof(hexString));
      char ad_str[10];
      // char * ad_str = (const char *)uid;
       sprintf(ad_str, "%02x%02x%02x%02x", uid[0],uid[1],uid[2],uid[3]);
      // lteUdp.write(ad_str, uidlength);
      lteUdp.write(ad_str, 8);
      // lteUdp.write(hexString, 21);
      // lteUdp.write(output, 9);
      if (lteUdp.endPacket() == 1) {
        Serial.println("UDP Data Send OK");
        delay(100);
      } else {
        Serial.println("UDP Data Send NG(endPacket)");
      }
    } else {
      Serial.println("UDP Data make NG(beginPacket)");
    }
    lteUdp.stop();
    Serial.println("UDP Send Stop");
  }
}

SORACOM設定

クラウド側でデータを受信するために、SORACOM Harvestの設定を行います。
SORACOMはconsole.ioというサービスで設定がweb上で可能です。
詳細は、SORACOMのページをご確認ください。

1. web上のメニューボタンを押すと以下の画面になり SIM管理を選びます
   

2. Simグループが設定されていない場合は、任意のグループ名で作成します。
   

3. グループができたら、メニュー画面に戻りSIMグループを選択すると
   下の方にある、SORACOM Harvest Data 設定をONにします。
   

4. SORACOM Harvest Dataの画面でSpresenseLTEから送信されたデータが確認できます。
   1次処理済みデータにNFCカードのIDが登録されています。
   

参照URL

・モーターの音からAIで異常検知 - IoTレシピ
・https://ja.stackoverflow.com/questions/80455/lte拡張ボードの-i2c-を-arduino-で使用するには
・https://docs.neqto.com/docs/ja/spresense-series/hardware/about_spresense#spresense-lte-m

最後に

動作させた動画を共有します。

工夫したいところ

• クラウドへの送信データにGPS情報を載せたい。
• マイク機能やスピーカ機能を使い、タッチした時の音声を出したい。

LTEモジュールのご提供ありがとうございました。